As cats grow older, you may notice some changes in their memory, awareness, or behaviour; cat who cries at night, seems a little confused, or occasionally misses the litter tray. Over time, these changes can be linked to cognitive dysfunction in cats, sometimes called feline dementia.
For many families, this stage brings a mix of worry and uncertainty. You want to support your cat while keeping life enjoyable, familiar, and comfortable.
This guide walks through common signs to look out for, ways to track changes, and some home care options. With firm routines and thoughtful adjustments, many cats remain more settled and relaxed for longer. Your vet can help guide decisions as your cat’s needs evolve.
Signs of cognitive decline and behavioural change in cats
Cognitive decline usually develops gradually, often beginning with small changes in behaviour. Because cats are so good at hiding discomfort, these changes can be easy to miss at first. Noticing new patterns early can help you respond in a way that reduces stress for both you and your cat.
Cognitive and behaviour changes
You might notice:
- Increased vocalising, especially overnight
- Appearing disoriented or lost in familiar rooms
- Getting lost from a familiar terriroty
- Changes in social behaviour, including withdrawal or becoming more clingy
- Altered sleep patterns, such as more daytime sleeping and night-time restlessness
- Missing the litter tray or inappropriate urination
- Less interest in play or interaction
- Forgetting routines, like feeding times or favourite resting spots
- Getting stuck in corners or behind furniture
- Changes in appetite or eating habits
- Reduced vision, hearing, or sense of smell
Many of these signs can also occur with conditions such as arthritis, thyroid disease, or high blood pressure, so a veterinary check is always helpful to rule out other causes.
Cognitive decline checklists for cats
Structured checklists can be a helpful way to track changes over time. They allow you to notice gradual shifts rather than relying on memory alone.
The DISHAA framework can also be used for cats and looks at daily function across key areas:
- D — Disorientation
- I — Social interactions
- S — Sleep and wake cycle
- H — House soiling, learning, memory, vocalising
- A — Activity, irritability, anxiety
- A — Anxiety
Lower scores tend to reflect mild changes, while higher scores suggest more advanced cognitive decline. Tracking patterns monthly often gives the clearest picture.
How to support cats with cognitive dysfunction at home
Home care focuses on familiarity, safety, and calm. Cats rely heavily on routine, and small, steady adjustments can help reduce confusion and anxiety.
Diet and supplements for ageing cats
Good nutrition supports overall health and brain function in senior cats.
- Senior diets can help support ageing bodies and brains
- Supplements such as Aktivait are sometimes used for cognitive support
Your vet can help guide what feels most appropriate based on your cat’s health history. Any diet changes are best introduced slowly to avoid added stress.
Creating a calm and predictable environment
Environmental adjustments can make a noticeable difference.
- Keep furniture layout consistent
- Use night lights to help with navigation in low light
- Keep beds, food, water, and litter trays on one level if possible
- Add extra litter trays in quiet, easy-to-reach areas
Familiar spaces and scents provide reassurance, so avoiding big household changes where possible can help your cat feel more secure.
Daily enrichment for senior cats
Mental stimulation helps maintain connection without overwhelming ageing senses.
- Short play sessions with familiar toys
- Food puzzles set up for easy success
- Gentle brushing or stroking when welcomed
- Window perches for visual stimulation
- Familiar bedding for scent comfort
Watching your cat’s body language helps you end activities before they become tiring or stressful.
Help with litter tray challenges
Inappropriate urination around the house can be very challenging for many families. Here are some ways to help with accidents.
- Offer more trays in different locations (generally rule is 1 + number of cats)
- Use low-sided trays for cats with stiffness
- Scoop trays frequently to keep them clean
- Clean soiled areas thoroughly to prevent repeat accidents
- Use absorbent pads in problem areas if needed
Any sudden change in toileting habits should always be checked by your vet as there could be other health reasons.
When to seek veterinary guidance
Even when changes seem consistent with cognitive dysfunction, veterinary support remains important. Your vet can check for pain, thyroid disease, organ changes, or high blood pressure and talk through management options. There are some anti-anxiety medications that could help dealing with challenging behaviours.
Many families find it reassuring to have these conversations early. A quality-of-life assessment can help you understand comfort levels, daily enjoyment, and what support might help most.
Supporting your cat through changing needs
Caring for a cat with cognitive decline often requires patience and understanding. Some days will feel settled, while others may feel more challenging. Your calm presence and familiar settings provide a strong sense of security, even when things feel uncertain. If you start to notice your cat's cognitive decline is becoming more apparent, it may be good to keep them inside or enclosing the outside so avoid getting lost.
If concerns begin to grow, leaning on your vet for guidance can help you feel more supported and prepared.
When you are weighing comfort and care
Cognitive dysfunction in cats often progresses quietly, which can make decisions feel emotionally heavy. Talking through your thoughts with a trusted vet can bring clarity and reassurance.
A quality-of-life assessment offers a gentle way to look at comfort and wellbeing. When the time comes, learning about at-home euthanasia and aftercare options allows you to plan thoughtfully in your own time. You can always get in touch with us too and we will assist where needed.
